In vitro susceptibility study of Amblyomma cohaerens and Rhipicepalus (Boophilus) decoloratus tick species to amitraz 12.5% and diazinon 60% acaricides in Jimma town, Ethiopia

Background: Tick-borne diseases and livestock productivity losses are major concerns in Ethiopia, where Amblyomma cohaerens and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus are prevalent. This study evaluates the in vitro efficacy of amitraz (12.5%) and diazinon (60%) acaricides.,...

Performance of malaria rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology to diagnose malaria among pregnant and parturient women using peripheral

Background: Accurate malaria diagnosis in pregnancy is critical but challenging due to low parasite densities and placental sequestration. This study evaluates the performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy, PCR, and histopathology ,....

Molecular epidemiology, distribution, and determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northeast Ethiopia

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an emerging public health concern in Northeast Ethiopia, driven by environmental changes, population mobility, and limited healthcare access. This study investigates the molecular epidemiology, spatial distribution, and risk factors (e.g., climate, housing, zoonotic reservoirs) of CL caused by Leishmania species Using genotyping and geospatial analysis, it identifies transmission hotspots nd genetic diversity of parasites. Findings will,...

The influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Development and Survival of Laboratory-Reared Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia

Background: Anopheles arabiensis, a primary malaria vector in Ethiopia, is highly influenced by climatic factors. This study investigates how temperature and relative humidity affect the development rate and survival of laboratory-reared An. arabiensis simulating Ethiopia’s diverse ecological zones.,...

Performance of BIOCREDIT Pf/Pv lactate dehydrogenase-based malaria rapid diagnostic test among pregnant women with suspected malaria infection in Bahir Dar City Administration …

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) requires accurate diagnosis to prevent adverse outcomes, but rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) often underperform due to low parasitemia and placental sequestration. This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of the the BIOCREDIT ,....

Current update on malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) remains a major global health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it contributes to maternal anemia, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on MiP epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management,...

Author Correction: Anopheles mosquito fauna, blood meal sources and transmission intensity from high and moderate malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia

Background: This correction addresses errors in the original study comparing Anopheles species composition, host preferences, and malaria transmission dynamics across Ethiopian high- and moderate-endemic zones. ...

Retrospective analysis of malaria prevalence over ten years (2015–2024) at Bichena Primary Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Background: Malaria remains a major public health burden in Ethiopia’s Amhara Region, with fluctuating transmission influenced by climate, interventions, and healthcare access. This retrospective study analyzes a decade,....

PvGAP: Development of a globally-applicable, highly-multiplexed microhaplotype amplicon panel for Plasmodium vivax

Background: Plasmodium vivax genomic surveillance is hindered by limited tools for high-resolution tracking in diverse populations. This study introduces PvGAP, a globally applicable, highly multiplexed microhaplotype amplicon...

[Effect of low-dose primaquine treatment on Plasmodium vivax recurrence and transmission-blocking activity in southwest Ethiopia: a longitudinal cohort study

Background: Plasmodium vivax relapses contribute significantly to malaria transmission in Ethiopia. This longitudinal cohort study evaluates the efficacy of low-dose primaquine (LD-PQ) in preventing P. vivax recurrence and its transmission-blocking effects in southwest...

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis remains endemic in Ethiopia, disproportionately affecting school-aged children due to water-contact behaviors. This cross-sectional study assesses knowledge, attitudes,....

Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of epidemiologic studies

Background: Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is often underestimated due to assumptions of lower transmission compared to rural areas. However, rapid urbanization, poor drainage, and Anopheles breeding in artificial containers sustain transmission in cities. This scoping review synthesizes epidemiologic...

The origin, invasion history and resistance architecture of Anopheles stephensi in Africa

Background: The Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has rapidly invaded Africa, threatening malaria control efforts. This study investigates its origin, invasion routes, and genetic adaptations, including insecticide resistance mechanisms.

Anopheles mosquito fauna, blood meal sources and transmission intensity from high and moderate malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia

Background: Ethiopia's heterogeneous malaria transmission is influenced by diverse Anopheles species, blood-feeding behaviors, and ecological factors. This study compares... Read More

Evaluating insecticide susceptibility in major African malaria vectors: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Background: Insecticide resistance in major African malaria vectors (Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus) threatens global malaria control efforts. This meta-analysis

Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection and associated risk factors in Mizan-Aman town, Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study

Background: Asymptomatic malaria infections, often undetected by routine diagnostics, sustain transmission and complicate elimination efforts. This community-based cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence and risk factors....

Determination of the residual efficacy of broflanilide (VECTRON™ T500) insecticide for indoor residual spraying in a semi-field setting in Ethiopia

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) remains a cornerstone of malaria vector control, but insecticide resistance threatens its effectiveness. Broflanilide (VECTRON™ T500), a novel meta-diamide insecticide, offers a promising alternative with a unique mode of action targeting resistant Anopheles mosquitoes....

Machine-learning driven predictive platform (MDPP) to risk-stratify malaria in pregnancy (MiP)

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health, yet timely detection remains challenging in resource-limited settings. This study develops a machine-learning driven predictive platform (MDPP) integrating clinical,..

A Global Systematic Review on the Potential of Metal‐Based Nanoparticles in the Fight Against Mosquito Vectors

Background: Conventional mosquito control strategies face challenges like insecticide resistance and environmental concerns, prompting the search for innovative alternatives. Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as promising tools due to their ....

Biological and residual activity of candidate larvicide formulation, SumiLarv 2MR, against an exotic invasive mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Diptera …

Background: The invasive Anopheles stephensi poses a growing threat to malaria control in Africa due to its urban adaptability and resistance to conventional insecticides. SumiLarv 2MR, a novel matrix-release larvicide containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis,...

An observational study evaluating the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared to a combination of indoor …

Background: Pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors threatens the efficacy of standard insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-treated ITNs...

Post-treatment transmissibility of Plasmodium falciparum infections: an observational cohort study

Background: Despite effective antimalarial treatment, residual *Plasmodium falciparum* gametocytes may persist, sustaining malaria transmission. This observational cohort study assesses post-treatment transmissibility by measuring gametocyte carriage.,...

Modeling the variability of temperature on the population dynamics of Anopheles arabiensis

Background: Temperature critically influences the life cycle, survival, and reproductive success of Anopheles arabiensis, a key malaria vector in Africa. This study employs mathematical modeling to quantify how temperature variability affects larval development rates, adult longevity, and seasonal abundance patterns in Ethiopian settings,....

Profiling vivax malaria incidence, residual transmission, and risk factors using reactive case detection in low transmission settings of Ethiopia

Background: Despite progress in malaria control, P. vivax persists in Ethiopia’s low-transmission settings through relapses, submicroscopic infections, and residual transmission. This study employs reactive case detection (RCD) to profile vivax.....

Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi against novel insecticides in Eastern Ethiopia

Background: The invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has rapidly expanded into Ethiopia, threatening malaria control efforts. Its resistance to common insecticides could undermine current interventions. This study evaluates the susceptibility of An. stephensi populations in Eastern...

Esterase-Mediated Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of an Invasive Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi from Ethiopia

Background: The invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has emerged as a major threat in Ethiopia, demonstrating resistance to pyrethroid insecticides—the frontline tools for vector control. This study investigates the role of esterase enzymes in conferring pyrethroid resistance in Ethiopian An. stephensi populations.

Genotype distribution and allele frequency of thioester-containing protein 1 (Tep1) and its effect on development of Plasmodium oocyst in populations of Anopheles arabiensis in …

Background: Thioester-containing protein 1 (Tep1) plays a crucial role in mosquito immune defense against Plasmodium parasites. This study investigates the genotype distribution and allele frequency of Tep1 in Anopheles arabiensis populations .....

Assembled genome of an Ethiopian Plasmodium vivax isolate generated using GridION long-read technology

Background: The genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia remains understudied due to challenges in sequencing its complex genome. This study presents the first assembled genome of an Ethiopian P. vivax isolate using GridION long-read ....

Impact of a large-scale fruit and vegetable irrigation scheme on the micro-epidemiology of malaria in southwest Ethiopia

Background: Large-scale agricultural irrigation can alter local ecosystems, creating breeding habitats for malaria vectors and potentially increasing transmission risk. This study examines how a fruit and vegetable irrigation scheme in southwest Ethiopia

Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

Background: The invasive Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has rapidly expanded across Africa, threatening malaria control efforts. Unlike native vectors, it thrives in urban settings, exploiting man-made water containers. .....

Tsetse fly density and trypanosoma infection rate in Bedele and Dabo Hana districts of Buno Bedele Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), poses a significant threat to livestock health and productivity in Ethiopia.

Urban malaria and its determinants in Eastern Ethiopia: the role of Anopheles stephensi and urbanization

Background: Urban malaria is an emerging public health challenge in Ethiopia, driven by rapid urbanization and the invasion of Anopheles stephensi, an efficient vector adapted to artificial breeding sites.This study examines the epidemiology.....

Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and associated risk factors in Majang Zone, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: a hard-to-reach malaria hotspot

Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy (MiP) poses significant risks, including maternal anemia, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality, yet remains underdiagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa. Majang Zone in Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia.....

Correction: Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia

Background: Urban malaria transmission is often overlooked, with risk assumed to be lower than in rural areas. However, heterogeneous microenvironments such as construction sites, water storage containers, and poor drainage create localized hotspots.

Resurgence of Clinical Malaria in Ethiopia and Its Link to Anopheles stephensi Invasion

Background: Ethiopia has recently witnessed an unexpected resurgence of clinical malaria, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas, challenging previous progress in malaria control. This resurgence coincides with the invasion.....

Copy number variations of Plasmodium vivax DBP1, EBP/DBP2, and RBP2b in Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative Ethiopians

Background: Plasmodium vivax invasion of human erythrocytes relies on Duffy-binding proteins (DBP1, EBP/DBP2, RBP2b), with Duffy-negative individuals traditionally considered resistant. However, recent reports of P. vivax infections in Duffy-negatives suggest alternative....

Detection of Duffy blood group genotypes and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections using molecular diagnostic assays in febrile malaria patients

Background: The Duffy blood group plays a key role in Plasmodium vivax malaria susceptibility, with Duffy-negative individuals historically considered resistant. However, increasing reports of P. vivax infections in Duffy-negatives challenge this assumption.

The effect of single low-dose primaquine treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on haemoglobin levels in Ethiopia: a longitudinal cohort study

Background: Single low-dose primaquine (SLD-PQ) is recommended as a gametocytocide to block Plasmodium falciparum transmission, but concerns remain about its safety in African populations wit....

Mapping the distribution of tuberculosis cases identified through routine program and community based active screening in Central Ethiopia

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant burden in Ethiopia, with gaps in case detection due to limited access to healthcare and suboptimal screening. While routine program data captures facility-based cases, community-based active screening can identify missed infections, particularly in high-transmission areas...

Spatiotemporal distribution and bionomics of Anopheles stephensi in different eco-epidemiological settings in Ethiopia

Background: The invasion of Anopheles stephensi, an efficient urban malaria vector, poses a major threat to Ethiopia’s malaria control efforts. Originally native to Asia, this species has adapted to diverse Ethiopian eco-epidemiological settings,...

Methods of sampling malaria vectors and their reliability in estimating entomological indices in Africa

Background: Accurate sampling of malaria vectors is essential for estimating entomological indices, such as human biting rates and sporozoite infection rates, which guide control strategies. In Africa, common methods include human landing catches (HLC), CDC light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, and resting traps, each with inherent biases.

Bionomics, seasonal abundance and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in low and high malaria transmission settings in Ethiopia

Background: Ethiopia exhibits diverse malaria transmission patterns, influenced by Anopheles species composition, ecology, and insecticide resistance. In lowland areas with high transmission, An. arabiensis dominates, breeding in temporary rain pools and showing varying resistance to.....

Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax in Duffy negatives and Duffy positives from community and health centre collections in Ethiopia

Background: Traditionally, Plasmodium vivax malaria was thought to be rare in Africa due to the high prevalence of Duffy-negative individuals, who lack the Duffy antigen receptor essential for parasite invasion. However, recent studies in Ethiopia report increasing P. vivax infections in both Duffy-negative and Duffy-positive populations....

Comparison of the yield of two tuberculosis screening approaches among household contacts in a community setting of Silti Zone, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Ethiopia, where household contacts of index cases are at high risk of infection. Active case-finding strategies...

Anopheles stephensi ecology and control in Africaa

Background: Anopheles stephensi, an invasive malaria vector native to South Asia, has recently expanded into Africa, posing a significant threat to urban malaria control. Unlike typical African vectors that breed in rural areas, An. stephensi thrives in urban settings, adapting to artificial water containers, construction sites, and uncovered water storage.Its spread across the Horn of Africa...

Higher outdoor mosquito density and Plasmodium infection rates in and around malaria index case households in low transmission settings of Ethiopia …

Background: In low-transmission settings like Ethiopia, malaria persistence is linked to focal outbreaks around index cases. Recent studies highlight higher outdoor mosquito densities....

Plasmodium falciparum transmission in the highlands of Ethiopia is driven by closely related and clonal parasites

Background: Malaria transmission in the Ethiopian highlands is characterized by seasonal outbreaks, often attributed to imported cases and localized transmission. Recent genomic studies....

Molecular surveillance of Kelch 13 polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kenya and Ethiopia

Background: Timely molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 (k13) gene mutations is essential for monitoring the emergence and stemming the spread of artemisinin resistance.

Spatiotemporal distribution and bionomics of Anopheles stephensi in different eco-epidemiological settings in Ethiopia

Background: Malaria is a major public health concern in Ethiopia, and its incidence could worsen with the spread of the invasive mosquito species Anopheles stephensi in the country.

Detection of Duffy blood group genotypes and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections using molecular diagnostic assays in febrile malaria patients

Background: Malaria remains a severe parasitic disease, posing a significant threat to public health and hindering economic development in sub-Saharan Africa.

Comparative transcriptomics reveal differential gene expression among Plasmodium vivax geographical isolates and implications on erythrocyte invasion …

Background: The documentation of Plasmodium vivax malaria across Africa especially in regions where Duffy negatives are dominant suggests possibly...

Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax in Duffy negatives and Duffy positives from community and health centre collections in Ethiopia

Background: Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia with an estimated 3.8 million cases in 2021 and 61% of the population living in areas at risk of malaria transmission. Throughout the country Plasmodium vivax.....

Plasmodium falciparum transmission in the highlands of Ethiopia is driven by closely related and clonal parasitess

Background: Malaria cases are frequently recorded in the Ethiopian highlands even at altitudes above 2000 m. The epidemiology of malaria in the Ethiopian highlands, and, in particular, the role of importation by human migration from the.....

Higher outdoor mosquito density and Plasmodium infection rates in and around malaria index case households in low transmission settings of Ethiopia …

Background: Understanding the clustering of infections for persistent malaria transmission is critical to determining how and where to target specific interventions.

Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and associated risk factors in Majang Zone, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: a hard-to-reach malaria hotspot

Background: Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy (AMiP) is a daunting public health problem with multifaceted adverse outcomes for mothers, fetuses, newborns and beyond.

Bionomics, seasonal abundance and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in low and high malaria transmission settings in Ethiopia

Background: In Ethiopia, malaria is highly seasonal with varying intensities of transmission due to altitudinal and climatic variations. Information on bionomics of principal, secondary....

Seasonal dynamics, resting behaviour and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes across two differentially malaria-endemic regions in Ethiopia

Background Information on bionomics of Anopheles species composition, seasonal dynamics and insecticide susceptibility status is important to understand malaria transmission in any particular eco-epidemiological setting and for the design of effective vector control strategies.

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Mapping the distribution of tuberculosis cases and associated factors identified through routine program implementation and community-based active screening in Central Ethiopia

Background: Smear-positive TB patients greatly contribute to community-level transmission of this disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions.

Impact of a large-scale fruit and vegetable irrigation scheme on the micro-epidemiology of malaria in southwest Ethiopia

Background Malaria continues to represent an important public health problem in Ethiopia. The expansion of irrigated agricultural development projects turns out to be a major impediment to long-lasting and sustainable malaria prevention and control efforts in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the...

Copy Number Variations of Plasmodium vivax DBP1, EBP/DBP2, and RBP2b in Ethiopians Who Are Duffy Positive and Duffy Negative

Background Recent evidence challenges the belief that individuals who are Duffy-negative are resistant to Plasmodium vivax due to lacking the Duffy antigen....

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Assembled genome of an Ethiopian Plasmodium vivax isolate generated using GridION long-read technology

Background: Plasmodium vivax causes ~20% of malaria cases in Ethiopia. Here, we report a long-read genome assembly generated from an individual collected in 2022. P. vivax is genetically diverse across endemic regions....

Genotype distribution and allele frequency of thioester-containing protein 1 (Tep1) and its effect on development of Plasmodium oocyst in populations of Anopheles arabiensis in …

Background Thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) is a crucial component of mosquitoes’ natural resistance to parasites.....

Urban malaria and its determinants in Eastern Ethiopia: the role of Anopheles stephensi and urbanization

Background Malaria prevention and control strategies have been hampered by urbanization and the spread of Anopheles stephensi. The spread of this vector into Africa further complicates the already complex....

Tsetse fly density and trypanosoma infection rate in Bedele and Dabo Hana districts of Buno Bedele Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Trypanosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosome and primarily transmitted by tsetse flies......

Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

Background Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the ....

Resurgence of Clinical Malaria in Ethiopia and Its Link to Anopheles stephensi Invasion

Background The invasion of Anopheles stephensi into Africa poses a potential threat to malaria control and elimination on the continent. However, it is not clear if the recent malaria resurgence in Ethiopia has linked to the expansion of An. stephensi.We obtained the clinical malaria case reports and malaria.....

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Determination of the Residual Efficacy of Broflanilide (VECTRONTM T500) Insecticide for Indoor Residual Spraying in a Semi-field Setting in Ethiopia

Background: The rotational use of insecticides with diverse modes of action in indoor residual spraying (IRS) is pivotal for enhancing malaria vector control and addressing insecticide resistance.

Correction: Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia

Background During the past century, the global trend of reduced malaria transmission has been concurrent with increasing urbanization. Although urbanization has traditionally been considered beneficial for vector control, the adaptation of .....

Mapping the distribution of tuberculosis cases identified through routine program and community based active screening in Central Ethiopia

Background Smear positive TB cases greatly contribute to community level transmission of the disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions.......

Read More

Comparison of the yield of two tuberculosis screening approaches among household contacts in a community setting of Silti Zone, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Background: Household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients are at a greater risk of infection and developing TB as well. Despite ...

The effect of single low-dose primaquine treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on hemoglobin levels in Ethiopia: a longitudinal cohort study

Background To interrupt residual malaria transmission and achieve successful elimination of P. falciparum in low-transmission settings, the World Health Organization (WHO) ......

Bionomics, seasonal abundance and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in low and high malaria transmission settings in Ethiopia

Background In Ethiopia, malaria is highly seasonal with varying intensities of transmission due to altitudinal and climatic variations. Information on bionomics of principal, secondary .......

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Residual Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission and individual and household risk factors through reactive case detection study in Arjo Didessa, Southwestern Ethiopia

Background: In malaria control and elimination efforts, identification of local P. vivax transmission foci and hidden reservoirs of vivax malaria infections are crucial to enhancing the elimination of residual

In-vitro susceptibility and ex-vivo evaluation of macrocyclic lactone endectocides sub-lethal concentrations against Plasmodium vivax oocyst development in Anopheles arabiensis

Background Asymptomatic malaria transmission has become a public health concern across malaria-endemic Africa including Ethiopia. Specifically, Plasmodium vivax is more efficient.......

Placental malaria and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Majang Zone of Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: a histopathological and molecular study

Background: Placental malaria (PM) is a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes in malaria-endemic regions, yet its burden remains understudied in Ethiopia’s high-transmission zones like Gambella. This histopathological and molecular study investigates PM prevalence,....